(3) CARBACHOL (Carbamylcholine )   • Carbachol is is an ester of carbamic acid and poor substrate for AChEsterase. It is biotransformed by other esters at very slow rate.    • Carbachol has both Muscarinic and Nicotinic actions. Functions   (i) Actions :    • Carbachol has profound effects on both Cardiovascular system and GI system.    • It has ganglion stimulating activity and it may first stimulate and then depress these systems.    • It can cause release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla by its nicotinic functions.   On Eye :     • It cause miosis    • It cause spasm of accomodatiom in which the ciliary muscle of the eye remains in a constant state of contraction.    • Carbachol is also used to stimulate micturation by contraction of detrusor muscle. (ii) Therapeutic uses :     • Carbachol has high potency, receptor non-selectivity and relatively long duration of acti...